Alternately, see our generic, "quick start" guide: Entering Data in SPSS Statistics. Note : Ordinal variables can be either numeric codes that represent categories (for example, 1 low, 2 medium, 3 high ) or string values.
SPSS CHI SQUARE HOW TO
In our enhanced chi-square test for independence guide, we show you how to correctly enter data in SPSS Statistics to run a chi-square test for independence. For the chi-square-based statistics (phi, Cramérs V, and contingency coefficient), the data should be a random sample from a multinomial distribution. In SPSS Statistics, we created two variables so that we could enter our data: Gender and Preferred_Learning_Medium. Therefore, we have two nominal variables: Gender (male/female) and Preferred Learning Medium (online/books). Step 1: Determine whether the association. An educator would like to know whether gender (male/female) is associated with the preferred type of learning medium (online vs. Key output includes p-values, cell counts, and each cells contribution to the chi-square statistic. However, different people learn in different ways. With current technology, it is possible to present how-to guides for statistical programs online instead of in a book. SPSS Chi Square Tests. SPSS Statistics ExampleĮducators are always looking for novel ways in which to teach statistics to undergraduates as part of a non-statistics degree course (e.g., psychology). It compares the observed frequencies from the data. First, we introduce the example that is used in this guide. The chi-squared test tests the hypothesis that there is no relationship between two categorical variables. These conditions are reported by SPSS as a footnote in the chi-square. The minimum expected count is at least equal to 1. They are: At most 20 of the expected counts are allowed to be less than 5. In the section, Procedure, we illustrate the SPSS Statistics procedure to perform a chi-square test for independence. In order for a chi-square test to give reliable results the crosstabulation has to satisfy certain conditions. Example independent variables that meet this criterion include gender (2 groups: Males and Females), ethnicity (e.g., 3 groups: Caucasian, African American and Hispanic), physical activity level (e.g., 4 groups: sedentary, low, moderate and high), profession (e.g., 5 groups: surgeon, doctor, nurse, dentist, therapist), and so forth. Assumption #2: Your two variable should consist of two or more categorical, independent groups.You can learn more about ordinal and nominal variables in our article: Types of Variable. Assumption #1: Your two variables should be measured at an ordinal or nominal level (i.e., categorical data).If it does not, you cannot use a chi-square test for independence. You need to do this because it is only appropriate to use a chi-square test for independence if your data passes these two assumptions. When you choose to analyse your data using a chi-square test for independence, you need to make sure that the data you want to analyse "passes" two assumptions. The chi-square test for independence, also called Pearson's chi-square test or the chi-square test of association, is used to discover if there is a relationship between two categorical variables. The clustered bar chart option allows a relevant graph to be produced that highlights the group categories and the frequency of counts in these groups.Chi-Square Test for Association using SPSS Statistics Introduction It can be easier to visualize data than read tables. We can see that the strength of association between the variables is very weak. Phi and Cramer’s V are both tests of the strength of association. This tells us that there is no statistically significant association between Gender and Preferred Learning Medium that is, both Males and Females equally prefer online learning versus books. When reading this table we are interested in the results of the “ Pearson Chi-Square” row. This table allows us to understand that both males and females prefer to learn using online materials versus books. Published with written permission from SPSS Statistics, IBM Corporation. The Crosstabulation Table (Gender*Preferred Learning Medium Crosstabulation) You will be presented with some tables in the Output Viewer under the title “Crosstabs”. Todayi will teach you How to Interpret Chi-Square Output in SPSS